1. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine (W.Z., C.M.D., E.M.A., S.L.F., T.M.B., R.E.S., N.J.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
2. Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (R.K.W.).
3. Knight Cardiovascular Institute (N.J.A.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.