Intensive Blood Pressure Control After Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Optimal blood pressure targets following successful mechanical thrombectomy remain uncertain. While some observational studies suggest that the relationship between blood pressure and outcomes follows a U -shaped curve, others suggest a linear relationship where lower is better. The recent BP-TARGET study (Blood Pressure Target in Acute Stroke to Reduce Hemorrhage After Endovascular Therapy) did not find a benefit to intensive blood pressure lowering regarding the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, but it was not sufficiently powered to detect differences in functional outcomes. On its heels arrived the ENCHANTED2 (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombectomy Stroke Study)/mechanical thrombectomy trial, the first trial of intensive blood pressure lowering in patients with hypertension following successful mechanical thrombectomy powered to detect a difference in functional outcomes. The trial randomized patients to either a systolic blood pressure less than 120 or 140 to 180 mm Hg. The trial was terminated early due to safety concerns in the more intensive blood pressure–lowering group. In this emerging therapy critique, we explore concerns regarding the generalizability of ENCHANTED2/mechanical thrombectomy, including the high prevalence of intracranial atherosclerosis in the studied population. We survey mechanisms for poor outcomes in patients who receive overly aggressive blood pressure reduction following successful thrombectomy, such as poststroke autoregulatory compromise and persistent microcirculatory hypoperfusion. Finally, we advocate for a more moderate approach, pending further research.