Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patients With a History of Migraine

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major contributor to the high morbidity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Spreading depolarizations may play a role in DCI pathophysiology. Because patients with migraine are probably more susceptible to spreading depolarizations, we investigated whether patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with migraine are at increased risk for DCI. Methods: We included patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage from 3 hospitals in the Netherlands. We assessed lifetime migraine history with a short screener. DCI was defined as neurological deterioration lasting >1 hour not attributable to other causes by diagnostic work-up. Adjustments were made for possible confounders in multivariable Cox regression analyses and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated. We assessed the interaction effects of age and sex. Results: We included 582 patients (mean age 57 years, 71% women) mostly with mild to moderate aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage of whom 108 (19%) had a history of migraine (57 with aura). Patients with migraine were not at increased risk of developing DCI compared with patients without migraine (22% versus 24%, aHR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.56–1.43]). Additionally, no increased risk was found in patients with migraine with possible aura (aHR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.39–1.43]), in women (aHR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.53–1.45], P interaction =0.859), or in young patients aged <50 years (aHR, 1.59 [95% CI, 0.72–3.49]), although numbers in these subgroups were limited. We found an interaction between migraine and age with an increased risk of DCI among young patients with migraine ( P interaction =0.075). Conclusions: Patients with migraine are in general not at increased risk of DCI. Future studies should focus in particular on young SAH patients, in whom there might be an association between migraine history and development of DCI.