1. Division of Cardiovascular, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
2. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
3. Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
4. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA