Epidemiology and Costs of Acute Hospital Care for Cerebrovascular Disease in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Populations

Abstract

Background and Purpose Little is known about the pattern of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) for diabetic and nondiabetic patients or about the cost of treatment for CVD in the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to extend previous work to describe the epidemiology and cost of acute care of CVD as a frequent comorbidity of diabetes in a UK population (408 000 people). Methods Routine data describing inpatient care for a 4-year period were analyzed (financial years 1991/1992 to 1994/1995). These data had undergone record linkage to draw together records from the same patients. Cost estimates were determined by attributing a diagnosis-related group cost weight to each record. Mortality data from an overlapping period were supplied by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Results There were 11 196 CVD admissions (3.1% of all admissions). Of these, 7351 (66%) were primary diagnoses. These admissions were generated by 5358 patients (3904 primary diagnosis). For people with diabetes, the incidence rate was between 23 and 32.8 per 1000 per year compared with 2.4 to 3.3 per 1000 for the population as a whole, depending on the use of primary and subsidiary codes. The age-adjusted relative risk of stroke in diabetic men versus nondiabetic men was 3.70 (95% confidence interval, 3.53 to 3.88) and in women was 4.35 (95% confidence interval, 4.37 to 4.76). We describe other epidemiological relationships. The cost of CVD is between £1.1 and £1.6 million per 100 000 population—at least £0.7 million per 100 000 for CVD alone. Approximately 15% of this value is related to diabetes, and an estimated 94% of this diabetes-related expenditure is potentially avoidable. Conclusions CVD represents a major source of expenditure for health services, and diabetes is confirmed as a major risk factor within this disease group. Differences between diabetic and nondiabetic inpatient patterns of CVD may reflect greater incidence of comorbidities in the former.