Affiliation:
1. From the Division of Population Health Sciences and Education (C.G.O., A.R.R., C.M.N. D.G.C., P.H.W.), St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK, the School of Computing Information Systems and Mathematics (R.M., S.A.B.), Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK, and the British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (N.S.), University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, UK.
Abstract
Objective—
To examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and retinal arteriolar tortuosity in a multi-ethnic child population.
Methods and Results—
Cross sectional study of 986 UK primary school children of South Asian, black African Caribbean, and white European origin aged 10 to 11 years. Anthropometric measurements and retinal imaging were carried out and a fasting blood sample collected. Digital images of retinal arterioles were analyzed using a validated semiautomated measure of tortuosity. Associations between tortuosity and cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed using multi-level linear regression, adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, arteriole branch status, month, and school. Levels of arteriolar tortuosity were similar in boys and girls and in different ethnic groups. Retinal arteriolar tortuosity was positively associated with levels of triglyceride, total and LDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. One standard deviation increases in these risk factors were associated with 3.7% (95% CI: 1.2%, 6.4%), 3.3% (0.9%, 5.8%), 3.1% (0.6%, 5.6%), 2.0% (−0.3%, 4.2%), and 2.3% (0.1%, 4.6%) increases in tortuosity, respectively. Adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood glucose showed no associations with tortuosity.
Conclusion—
Established cardiovascular risk factors, strongly linked to coronary heart disease in adulthood, may influence retinal arteriolar tortuosity at the end of the first decade of life.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Reference45 articles.
1. Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women
2. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
3. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and 10-year cardiovascular mortality
4. Determinants of retinal vascular abnormalities in children and adolescents with essential hypertension;Daniels SR;J Hum Hypertens,1993
5. A statistical investigation of the correlation of retinal arteriolar tortuosity with blood pressure and age;de Margerie J;Trans Can Ophthalmol Soc,1961
Cited by
78 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献