Vasoprotective and Atheroprotective Effects of Angiotensin (1-7) in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Abstract

Objective— To evaluate the effectiveness of long-term angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) treatment to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice. Methods and Results— Ang (1-7) is a heptapeptide fragment that has been proposed to counterregulate the Ang II proatherogenic effects. The effect of long-term 4-week Ang (1-7) treatment on both inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion development and improvement of endothelial function was examined in apolipoprotein E −/− mice that had been fed an atherogenic high-fat (21%) diet for 16 weeks. Chronic Ang (1-7) treatment significantly improved endothelial function, an effect reversed with either angiotensin type 2 (AT 2 ) or Mas receptor blockade. In these vessels, Ang (1-7) treatment significantly decreased superoxide production and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity when compared with vehicle treatment. These effects were blocked by both AT 2 and Mas receptor antagonists. Lesion development, assessed as both fatty deposits (oil red O) and intima to media ratio, was also significantly decreased with Ang (1-7) treatment compared with respective controls. Cotreatment with either AT 2 or Mas receptor antagonists reversed Ang (1-7)–mediated reduction in lesion development. Conclusion— Long-term Ang (1-7) treatment caused both vasoprotection, via improvement in endothelial function, and atheroprotection, with a reduction in lesion progression in a model of atherosclerosis. These effects appear to be mediated by the restoration of nitric oxide bioavailability and involve a complex interaction of both Mas and AT 2 receptors.