Temporal Trends and Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Nonagenarians

Abstract

Background Contemporary outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( TAVR ) in nonagenarians are unknown. Methods and Results We identified 13 544 nonagenarians (aged 90–100 years) who underwent TAVR between 2012 and 2016 using Medicare claims. Generalized estimating equations were used to study the change in short‐term outcomes among nonagenarians over time. We compared outcomes between nonagenarians and non‐nonagenarians undergoing TAVR in 2016. A mixed‐effect multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of 30‐day mortality in nonagenarians in 2016. A center was defined as a high‐volume center if it performed ≥100 TAVR procedures per year. After adjusting for changes in patients’ characteristics, risk‐adjusted 30‐day mortality declined in nonagenarians from 9.8% in 2012 to 4.4% in 2016 ( P <0.001), whereas mortality for patients <90 years decreased from 6.4% to 3.5%. In 2016, 35 712 TAVR procedures were performed, of which 12.7% were in nonagenarians. Overall, in‐hospital mortality in 2016 was higher in nonagenarians compared with younger patients (2.4% versus 1.7%, P <0.05) but did not differ in analysis limited to high‐volume centers (2.2% versus 1.7%; odds ratio: 1.33; 95% CI , 0.97–1.81; P =0.07). Important predictors of 30‐day mortality in nonagenarians included in‐hospital stroke (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 8.67; 95% CI , 5.03–15.00), acute kidney injury ( aOR : 4.11; 95% CI , 2.90–5.83), blood transfusion ( aOR : 2.66; 95% CI , 1.81–3.90), respiratory complications ( aOR : 2.96; 95% CI , 1.52–5.76), heart failure ( aOR : 1.86; 95% CI , 1.04–3.34), coagulopathy ( aOR : 1.59; 95% CI , 1.12–2.26; P <0.05 for all). Conclusions Short‐term outcomes after TAVR have improved in nonagenarians. Several procedural complications were associated with increased 30‐day mortality among nonagenarians.