Changes in Cardiovascular Biomarkers With Breast Cancer Therapy and Associations With Cardiac Dysfunction

Abstract

Background We examined the longitudinal associations between changes in cardiovascular biomarkers and cancer therapy–related cardiac dysfunction ( CTRCD ) in patients with breast cancer treated with cardotoxic cancer therapy. Methods and Results Repeated measures of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐ cTnT ), NT ‐pro BNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), myeloperoxidase, placental growth factor, and growth differentiation factor 15 were assessed longitudinally in a prospective cohort of 323 patients treated with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab followed over a maximum of 3.7 years with serial echocardiograms. CTRCD was defined as a ≥10% decline in left ventricular ejection fraction to a value <50%. Associations between changes in biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated in repeated‐measures linear regression models. Cox regression models assessed the associations between biomarkers and CTRCD . Early increases in all biomarkers occurred with anthracycline‐based regimens. hs‐ cTnT levels >14 ng/L at anthracycline completion were associated with a 2‐fold increased CTRCD risk (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% CI , 1.00–4.06). There was a modest association between changes in NT ‐pro BNP and left ventricular ejection fraction in the overall cohort; this was most pronounced with sequential anthracycline and trastuzumab (1.1% left ventricular ejection fraction decline [95% CI , −1.8 to –0.4] with each NT ‐pro BNP doubling). Increases in NT ‐pro BNP were also associated with CTRCD (hazard ratio per doubling, 1.56; 95% CI , 1.32–1.84). Increases in myeloperoxidase were associated with CTRCD in patients who received sequential anthracycline and trastuzumab (hazard ratio per doubling, 1.28; 95% CI , 1.04–1.58). Conclusions Cardiovascular biomarkers may play an important role in CTRCD risk prediction in patients with breast cancer who receive cardiotoxic cancer therapy, particularly in those treated with sequential anthracycline and trastuzumab therapy. Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ . Unique identifier: NCT 01173341.