Pulmonary artery constriction produces a greater right ventricular dynamic afterload than lung microvascular injury in the open chest dog.

Abstract

Investigators model noncardiogenic pulmonary hypertension by constricting the pulmonary artery to increase right ventricular afterload. To investigate this model's validity, we compared the right ventricular afterload, quantified as pulmonary input impedance, created by constricting the pulmonary artery and by inducing a pulmonary microvascular injury (with glass beads infused into the pulmonary circulation). The pulmonary injury constriction produced a different right ventricular afterload than the microvascular injury. The constriction increased both the input resistance and the characteristic impedance. Microvascular injury increased only input resistance. Physiological levels of lung inflation did not influence pulmonary impedance, but lung hyperinflation increased input resistance both before and while constricting the pulmonary artery or after producing microvascular injury. Total right ventricular power output and stroke work were unchanged during each vascular intervention. Pulmonary artery constriction did not affect power output distribution, whereas microvascular injury decreased oscillatory power and its relative contribution to total power. Lung hyperinflation dramatically reduced right ventricular power and left ventricular stroke work. These effects appeared mediated by right ventricular afterload increase uncompensated for by right ventricular preload increase. These observations help explain the hemodynamic consequences of acute pulmonary hypertension and the effects of lung hyperinflation with positive end-expiratory pressure respiration in such patients.