Life-Time Covariation of Major Cardiovascular Diseases

Author:

Lind Lars1ORCID,Sundström Johan12ORCID,Ärnlöv Johan34ORCID,Ingelsson Martin5,Henry Albert678ORCID,Lumbers R. Thomas78910ORCID,Lampa Erik11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Sciences (L.L., J.S.), Uppsala University, Sweden.

2. The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (J.S.).

3. Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge (J.A.).

4. School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (J.A.).

5. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics (M.I.), Uppsala University, Sweden.

6. Institute of Cardiovascular Science (A.H.), University College London.

7. British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator (A.H., R.T.L.), University College London.

8. Institute of Health Informatics (A.H., R.T.L.), University College London.

9. Health Data Research UK London (R.T.L.), University College London.

10. Bart’s Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (R.T.L.).

11. Uppsala Clinical Research Centre (UCR) (E.L.), Uppsala University, Sweden.

Abstract

Background: It is known that certain cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated, like atrial fibrillation and stroke. However, for other CVDs, the links and temporal trends are less studied. In this longitudinal study, we have investigated temporal epidemiological and genetic associations between different CVDs. Methods: The ULSAM (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men; 2322 men aged 50 years) has been followed for 40 years regarding 4 major CVDs (incident myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation). For the genetic analyses, publicly available data were used. Results: Using multistate modeling, significant relationships were seen between pairs of all of the 4 investigated CVDs. However, the risk of obtaining one additional CVD differed substantially both between different CVDs and between their temporal order. The relationship between heart failure and atrial fibrillation showed a high risk ratio (risk ratios, 24–26) regardless of the temporal order. A consistent association was seen also for myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation but with a lower relative risk (risk ratios, 4–5). In contrast, the risk of receiving a diagnosis of heart failure following a myocardial infarction was almost twice as high as for the reverse temporal order (risk ratios, 16 versus 9). Genetic loci linked to traditional risk factors could partly explain the observed associations between the CVDs, but pathway analyses disclosed also other pathophysiological links. Conclusions: During 40 years, all of the 4 investigated CVDs were pairwise associated with each other regardless of the temporal order of occurrence, but the risk magnitude differed between different CVDs and their temporal order. Genetic analyses disclosed new pathophysiological links between CVDs.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

General Medicine

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