Sex‐Related Differences in Clinical Features and In‐Hospital Outcomes of Type B Acute Aortic Dissection: A Registry Study

Abstract

Background The association between female sex and poor outcomes following surgery for type A acute aortic dissection has been reported; however, sex‐related differences in clinical features and in‐hospital outcomes of type B acute aortic dissection, including classic aortic dissection and intramural hematoma, remain to be elucidated. Methods and Results We studied 2372 patients with type B acute aortic dissection who were enrolled in the Tokyo Acute Aortic Super‐Network Registry. There were fewer and older women than men (median age [interquartile range]: 76 years [66–84 years], n=695 versus 68 years [57–77 years], n=1677; P <0.001). Women presented to the aortic centers later than men. Women had a higher proportion of intramural hematoma (63.7% versus 53.7%, P <0.001), were medically managed more frequently (90.9% versus 86.3%, P =0.002), and had less end‐organ malperfusion (2.4% versus 5.7%, P <0.001) and higher in‐hospital mortality (5.3% versus 2.7%, P =0.002) than men. In multivariable analysis, age (per year, odds ratio [OR], 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03–1.08]; P <0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.13–3.88]; P =0.019), painlessness (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.14–5.89]; P =0.023), shock/hypotension (OR, 2.93 [95% CI, 1.21–7.11]; P =0.017), non–intramural hematoma (OR, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.32–4.05]; P =0.004), aortic rupture (OR, 26.6 [95% CI, 14.1–50.0]; P <0.001), and end‐organ malperfusion (OR, 4.61 [95% CI, 2.11–10.1]; P <0.001) were associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, but was not female sex (OR, 1.67 [95% CI, 0.96–2.91]; P =0.072). Conclusions Women affected with type B acute aortic dissection were older and had more intramural hematoma, a lower incidence of end‐organ malperfusion, and higher in‐hospital mortality than men. However, female sex was not associated with in‐hospital mortality after multivariable adjustment.