Effects of Cardiac Myosin Isoform Variation on Myofilament Function and Crossbridge Kinetics in Transgenic Rabbits

Abstract

Background— The left ventricles of both rabbits and humans express predominantly β-myosin heavy chain (MHC). Transgenic (TG) rabbits expressing 40% α-MHC are protected against tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, but the normal amount of α-MHC expressed in humans is only 5% to 7% and its functional importance is questionable. This study was undertaken to identify a myofilament-based mechanism underlying tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy protection and to extrapolate the impact of MHC isoform variation on myofilament function in human hearts. Methods and Results— Papillary muscle strips from TG rabbits expressing 40% (TG40) and 15% α-MHC (TG15) and from nontransgenic (NTG) controls expressing ≈100% β-MHC (NTG40 and NTG15) were demembranated and calcium activated. Myofilament tension and calcium sensitivity were similar in TGs and respective NTGs. Force-clamp measurements revealed ≈50% higher power production in TG40 versus NTG40 ( P <0.001) and ≈20% higher power in TG15 versus NTG15 ( P <0.05). A characteristic of acto-myosin crossbridge kinetics, the “dip” frequency, was significantly higher in TG40 versus NTG40 (0.70�0.04 versus 0.39�0.09 Hz, P <0.01) but not in TG15 versus NTG15. The calculated crossbridge time-on was also significantly shorter in TG40 (102.3�14.2 ms) versus NTG40 (175.7�19.7 ms) but not in TG15 versus NTG15. Conclusions— The incorporation of 40% α-MHC leads to greater myofilament power production and more rapid crossbridge cycling, which facilitate ejection and relengthening during short cycle intervals, and thus protect against tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Our results suggest, however, that, even when compared with the virtual absence of α-MHC in the failing heart, the 5% to 7% α-MHC content of the normal human heart has little if any functional significance.