1. From The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (P.J.P., C.A.G., J.B.S., J.C.P., S.M.B.), Surgery (P.J.P., S.M.B.), and Emergency Medicine (J.C.P.); and The Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management (P.J.P., J.A.M., J.B.S.), Baltimore, Md.