1. From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (R.S.L., M.G.K., F.M.T., V.A.F., F.E.S.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.E.B.), Division of Surgery, Department of Anesthesia (B.L.M.), and Department of Radiology (S.C.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Cardiology Division (K.L.), Holy Redeemer Hospital, Meadowbrook, Pa.