Transapical Beating-Heart Mitral Valve Repair With an Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Cordal Implantation Device

Abstract

Background: Degenerative mitral valve (MV) disease is a common cause of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and accounts for the majority of MV operations. Conventional MV surgery requires cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping, cardioplegia, and a thoracotomy or sternotomy and, therefore, is associated with significant disability, risks, and unpredictable rates of MV repair. Transesophageal echocardiography–guided beating-heart MV repair with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene cordal insertion has the potential to significantly reduce surgical morbidity. We report the first-in-human clinical experience with a novel preformed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene knot implantation device (Harpoon TSD-5) designed to treat degenerative MR. Methods: Through a small left thoracotomy, the device was inserted into the heart and guided by transesophageal echocardiography to the ventricular surface of the prolapsed leaflet. Multiple expanded polytetrafluoroethylene cords were anchored in the leaflet and then adjusted to the correct length to restore MV leaflet coaptation and secured at the epicardium. Results: Eleven patients with posterior leaflet prolapse and severe MR, with mean±SD age of 65±13 years and mean ejection fraction of 69±7%, were treated with 100% procedural success. Immediate postprocedural mean MR grade was trace. At 1 month, the mean MR grade was mild with significant decreases in end-diastolic volume (139 to 107 mL; P =0.03) and left atrial volume (118 to 85 mL; P =0.04). Conclusions: A novel device used for beating-heart image-guided MV repair demonstrates a significant reduction in MR with favorable left ventricular and left atrial reverse remodeling. This approach has the potential to decrease invasiveness and surgical morbidity. Further follow-up is necessary to assess long-term efficacy. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02432196.