1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (Y.S., H.M.).
2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (H.S.).
3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Saitama, Japan (S.I.).
4. Department of Vascular Surgery (K.H.), University of Tokyo, Japan.
5. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health (N.M., H.Y.), University of Tokyo, Japan.
6. Divison of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (K.K.).