Endothelial Sphingolipid De Novo Synthesis Controls Blood Pressure by Regulating Signal Transduction and NO via Ceramide

Author:

Cantalupo Anna1,Sasset Linda1,Gargiulo Antonella12,Rubinelli Luisa1,Del Gaudio Ilaria134,Benvenuto Domenico1,Wadsack Christian34,Jiang Xiang-Chen5,Bucci Maria Rosaria2,Di Lorenzo Annarita1

Affiliation:

1. From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (A.C., L.S., A.G., L.R., I.d.G., D.B., A.D.L.)

2. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (A.G., M.R.B.)

3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.)

4. BioTechMed-Graz, Austria (I.d.G., C.W.)

5. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (X.-C.J.).

Abstract

Ceramides are sphingolipids that modulate a variety of cellular processes via 2 major mechanisms: functioning as second messengers and regulating membrane biophysical properties, particularly lipid rafts, important signaling platforms. Altered sphingolipid levels have been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus–related conditions; however, molecular mechanisms by which ceramides impact endothelial functions remain poorly understood. In this regard, we generated mice defective of endothelial sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis by deleting the Sptlc2 (long chain subunit 2 of serine palmitoyltransferase)—the first enzyme of the pathway. Our study demonstrated that endothelial sphingolipid de novo production is necessary to regulate (1) signal transduction in response to NO agonists and, mainly via ceramides, (2) resting eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) phosphorylation, and (3) blood pressure homeostasis. Specifically, our findings suggest a prevailing role of C16:0-Cer in preserving vasodilation induced by tyrosine kinase and GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors), except for Gq-coupled receptors, while C24:0- and C24:1-Cer control flow-induced vasodilation. Replenishing C16:0-Cer in vitro and in vivo reinstates endothelial cell signaling and vascular tone regulation. This study reveals an important role of locally produced ceramides, particularly C16:0-, C24:0-, and C24:1-Cer in vascular and blood pressure homeostasis, and establishes the endothelium as a key source of plasma ceramides. Clinically, specific plasma ceramides ratios are independent predictors of major cardiovascular events. Our data also suggest that plasma ceramides might be indicative of the diseased state of the endothelium.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Internal Medicine

Reference58 articles.

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