Increased Arterial Stiffness in Normoglycemic Normotensive Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Parents

Author:

Giannattasio Cristina1,Failla Monica1,Capra Anna1,Scanziani Elisabetta1,Amigoni Maria1,Boffi Lucia1,Whistock Christine1,Gamba Pierluigi1,Paleari Felice1,Mancia Giuseppe1

Affiliation:

1. From the Clinica Medica (C.G., M.F., A.C., E.S., M.A., L.B., C.W., P.G., F.P., G.M.), Milano-Bicocca University and S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Instituto DiRicovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (G.M.), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.

Abstract

Diabetes is associated with a reduction of arterial distensibility. Limited information exists regarding whether or how early this appears in the course of the disease. We studied 54 normoglycemic, normotensive, healthy offspring of 2 parents with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Carotid diastolic diameter and systodiastolic change were measured by echo tracking (Wall Track System) and wall thickness by echocolor Doppler (Sonos 5500, Philips). Pulse pressure was measured by a semiautomatic device positioned on the brachial artery and arterial distensibility calculated by Reneman formula. Blood pressure, blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment index) were normal or only slightly elevated and by and large similar in the 2 groups. Compared with control subjects, offspring of diabetic parents showed similar carotid diameters at diastole and a reduced increase in carotid diameter at systole (−16%), a reduced carotid artery distensibility (−30%), and an increased pulse pressure (+21.8%), all differences being statistically significant ( P <0.05) and persisting in subgroups with elevated or normal body mass index values (<25 and ≥25 kg/m 2 ). Carotid artery wall thickness was not different between the 2 groups. Thus, subjects with predisposition to diabetes show carotid artery stiffening even in the absence of blood pressure alterations, as well as substantial alterations of glucose metabolism, body mass index, and changes in carotid wall thickness. This suggests that, in diabetes, alterations in arterial mechanical properties represent an early phenomenon, which may occur in the absence of metabolic and blood pressure alterations.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Internal Medicine

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