1. From the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco (Y.T., K.W., K.S., H.M., E.I.L., S.M., M.K., F.S., T.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan (Y.T., K.T.K., Y.K., S.N.); and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa (R.A.P.S., D.M.H.).