Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Upregulation Attenuates Astrocyte Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Survival in the Hypoxic–Ischemic Rat Brain

Abstract

Background and Purpose— Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is tightly related to the resistance of cells to stress and injury. However, little is known about the roles of TERT in the nervous system. We try to investigate the effects of TERT on the function of astrocytes in developing rat brains subjected to hypoxia–ischemia. Methods— TERT expression was detected in rat brains with hypoxia–ischemia. In in vitro study, the function of astrocytes with TERT overexpression was measured, and the effects of astrocyte on neuronal apoptosis were examined. Moreover, overexpression or inhibition of TERT was conducted in vivo by gene transduction. Astrocyte proliferation was examined through Ki67 staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining and brain infarct volume calculation were used to detect neuronal injury. Results— Both TERT mRNA and protein were upregulated in neurons within 2 days but shifted to astrocytes at Day 3 after hypoxia–ischemia. Astrocyte proliferation was inhibited with TERT overexpression due to the upregulation of cell-cycle regulatory protein p15. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of neurons increased, whereas neurons were cocultured with conditioned media from astrocytes with TERT inhibition compared with TERT overexpression due to the decrease of neurotrophin-3 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, Ki67-positive astrocytes and neuronal injury were found to be inhibited in TERT-overexpressing rat brains with hypoxia–ischemia. Conclusions— TERT attenuates astrocyte proliferation and promotes neuronal survival in the developing rat brain after hypoxia–ischemia, partly through its enhancement of p15 and neurotrophin-3 expression in astrocytes.