1. From the Departments of Neurosurgery (J.J.F., L.B.M.), Neurology (V.K., A.M.), Biostatistics (L.B.M.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.P.), and the Stroke Program (L.B.M., J.F.B.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Department of Neurology, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI (J.J.F.).