The conducting tissues in primitive ventricular hearts without an outlet chamber.

Abstract

We have studied the disposition of the cardiac conducting tissues in four hearts from situs solitus individuals possessing primitive ventricles without outlet chambers. These hearts correspond to the type of univentricular heart defined as common ventricle by Lev. All the hearts studied possessed normally positioned great arteries. Two groups, each consisting of two hearts, could be distinguished. The first type possessed a small posterior ridge which divided the posterior portion of the primitive ventricle into right and left ventricular sinuses. The papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves were separate structures and arose on each side of this posterior ridge. The conducting tissues in these hearts arose from an atrioventricular node situated in the atrial septum but deviated posteriorly. The atrioventricular bundle pierced the fibrous annulus posteriorly and descended on the posterior ridge, lying to its left side. A bifurcation was not identified, and bundle branches were not present. The other two hearts had no posterior ridge. A common posterior papillary muscle supported both atrioventricular valves, and in one a marked anterior muscle bar produced obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract. The connecting atrioventricular node was situated laterally in the right atrioventricular valve orifice, and the atrioventricular bundle descended into the right parietal wall of the primitive ventricle. A bifurcation and bundle branches were not observed. The disposition of conducting tissue in these hearts differs from that found in "primitive ventricle with outlet chamber" in that the connecting atrioventricular node and bundle are situated anteriorly and are intimately related to the transposed pulmonary artery outflow tract in the latter anomaly. The surgical significance of these findings is emphasized.