Frailty and Clinical Outcomes of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Older Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background Ticagrelor is recommended over clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome based on the results of the PLATO (Study of Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes) trial. We aimed to emulate PLATO in older adults with and without frailty and with acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results We created a new‐user cohort of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome from 2014 to 2018 and initiated ticagrelor or clopidogrel following percutaneous coronary intervention. Frailty was defined using a validated claims‐based frailty index ≥0.25. Coprimary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding. Follow‐up began on the date of first outpatient prescription for ticagrelor or clopidogrel and ended on the earliest date for an outcome event, death, discontinuation of the index drug, or disenrollment from Medicare. The study included 42 843 older adults; 23% were frail. After propensity score matching, the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events per 100 person‐years comparing ticagrelor versus clopidogrel groups were 7.8 and 7.3 in the frail cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07 [95% CI, 0.84–1.36]) and 3.7 and 4.2 in the nonfrail cohort (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75–1.02]). The corresponding rates of major bleeding were 4.3 and 3.8 in the frail cohort (HR, 1.12 95% CI, [0.80–1.56]) and 2.2 and 1.8 in the nonfrail cohort (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.98–1.51]). Conclusions There was a trend toward a modest reduction in risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and a trend toward a modest increase in risk of major bleeding with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in the nonfrail cohort. There was insufficient evidence for the benefit of ticagrelor in frail older adults.