Cardiac Structure and Function in 8‐ to 12‐Year‐Old Children Following In‐Utero Exposure to Preeclampsia (FINNCARE Study)

Abstract

Background We evaluated how elevated blood pressure in children exposed to preeclampsia (PE) impacted on their cardiac structure and function, as well as relations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors and child body size and composition. Methods and Results A total of 182 PE (46 early‐onset preeclampsia) and 85 unexposed (non‐PE) children were examined in the FINNCARE study 8 to 12 years after the index pregnancy with echocardiography; office, central, and 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressures; and body anthropometrics and composition. PE children had lower right ventricular basal sphericity index (mean difference, −0.26 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.12) and lower mitral lateral E ′‐wave peak velocity (−1.4 cm/s [95% CI, −2.1 to −0.6]), as well as higher E to E ′ ratio (0.40 [95% CI, 0.15–0.65]) and indexed tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.03 [95% CI, 0.01–0.05]) compared with non‐PE children. These differences were accentuated in early‐onset PE children. Left ventricular mass (LVM) or left atrial volume were not different between PE and non‐PE children. Lean body mass, body fat percentage, and 24‐hour systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of LVM. Lean body mass and body fat percentage were independent predictors of left atrial volume. No significant associations between LVM or left atrial volume and maternal, gestational, or perinatal parameters were found. Conclusions Preadolescent PE children display a more globular‐shaped right ventricle with higher longitudinal systolic displacement as well as mildly altered diastolic indices, with the alterations being pronounced in early‐onset preeclampsia. Lean body mass and adiposity are independently related with LVM and left atrial volume, and systolic blood pressure with LVM in both PE and non‐PE children. These unfavorable associations indicate remodeling of cardiac structure in young children also reflected in mild functional changes in PE children. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; unique identifier: NCT04676295.