Childhood/Adolescent Smoking and Adult Smoking and Cessation: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium

Author:

Hu Tian1,Gall Seana L.2,Widome Rachel1,Bazzano Lydia A.3,Burns Trudy L.4,Daniels Stephen R.5,Dwyer Terence6,Ikonen Johanna7,Juonala Markus8910,Kähönen Mika1112,Prineas Ronald J.13,Raitakari Olli7,Sinaiko Alan R.14,Steinberger Julia14,Urbina Elaine M.1516,Venn Alison2,Viikari Jorma89,Woo Jessica G.1716,Jacobs David R.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN

2. Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart Australia

3. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA

4. Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA

5. Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO

6. Oxford Martin School Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom

7. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine University of Turku Finland

8. Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Finland

9. Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland

10. Murdoch Children's Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia

11. Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland

12. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology University of Tampere Finland

13. Division of Public Health Science Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem NC

14. Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis MN

15. The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH

16. Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH

17. Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH

Abstract

Background Despite declining US adolescent smoking prevalence from 40% among 12th graders in 1995 to around 10% in 2018, adolescent smoking is still a significant problem. Using the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, which includes 7 international cohorts recruited in childhood and followed into adulthood, the present study was designed to confirm the important relation between adolescent smoking and daily adult smoking and present new data on adult smoking into the forties and comparison of smoking in the United States, Finland, and Australia. Methods and Results Childhood smoking experience during ages 6 to 19 in the 1970s and 1980s was classifiable in 6687 i3C participants who also provided smoking status in their twenties and forties through 2011–2018. Prevalence of daily smoking in their twenties was directly related to degree of smoking during adolescence and inversely related to the age at which that smoking experience occurred ( P trend, <0.001). Similar patterns were observed for prediction of smoking during age forties. Among the 2465 smokers in their twenties, cessation by their forties was generally inverse to degree of smoking in ages 6 to 19 ( P trend, <0.001). Prevalence of smoking during adolescence and adulthood was similar among US , Finnish, and Australian participants. Conclusions These long‐term follow‐up data show that smoking intensity increased throughout adolescence. Prevalence of adult smoking and cessation by the forties were both correlated with levels of childhood smoking intensity. These data lend support to preventive strategies designed to reduce, delay, or eliminate any youth access to cigarettes.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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