Affiliation:
1. Department of Cardiology Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles CA
2. Department of Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California Pasadena CA
Abstract
Background
The goal of this study is to report the characteristics and long‐term clinical outcomes of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and to identify factors associated with recurrent
SCAD
.
Methods and Results
This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients who underwent coronary angiography for evaluation of acute myocardial infarction between 2006 and 2016. Among 26 598 patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, 208 (0.78%) were diagnosed with
SCAD
. Patients with
SCAD
were younger (49.0±11.6 versus 65.6±12.2 years) and more likely to be women (88.9% versus 31.6%). Atherosclerotic risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, were less prevalent. Median follow‐up was 4.7 years. Mortality was lower in patients with SCAD (1‐year mortality: 2.4% versus 8.8%;
P
<0.001). After using propensity score matching to control for differences in age, sex, and comorbidities, the difference in mortality was no longer present, suggesting that lower mortality in patients with SCAD is attributed primarily to their baseline characteristics. Recurrent
SCAD
occurred in 22 patients (10.6%). Multivariate Cox regression modeling showed concomitant fibromuscular dysplasia (hazard ratio, 5.1; 95%
CI
, 1.6–15.8;
P
=0.005) and migraine headaches (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95%
CI
, 1.4–8.4;
P
=0.008) to be associated with increased risk of recurrent
SCAD
.
Conclusions
Among patients with acute myocardial infarction, patients with
SCAD
have a lower risk of mortality, which is attributed primarily to their younger age, female sex, and low prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors. Risk of recurrent
SCAD
persists years after the initial presentation. Patients with fibromuscular dysplasia and migraine are at higher risk for recurrent
SCAD
.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Cited by
95 articles.
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