Myocardial Strain and Cardiac Output are Preferable Measurements for Cardiac Dysfunction and Can Predict Mortality in Septic Mice

Author:

Hoffman Matthew1,Kyriazis Ioannis D.1,Lucchese Anna M.1,de Lucia Claudio1,Piedepalumbo Michela12,Bauer Michael3,Schulze P. Christian4,Bonios Michael J.5,Koch Walter J.1,Drosatos Konstantinos1

Affiliation:

1. Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA

2. Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples Italy

3. Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Germany

4. Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Medical Care and Pneumology Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Jena Germany

5. Heart Failure and Transplant Unit Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center Athens Greece

Abstract

Background Sepsis is the overwhelming host response to infection leading to shock and multiple organ dysfunction. Cardiovascular complications greatly increase sepsis‐associated mortality. Although murine models are routinely used for preclinical studies, the benefit of using genetically engineered mice in sepsis is countered by discrepancies between human and mouse sepsis pathophysiology. Therefore, recent guidelines have called for standardization of preclinical methods to document organ dysfunction. We investigated the course of cardiac dysfunction and myocardial load in different mouse models of sepsis to identify the optimal measurements for early systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and Results We performed speckle‐tracking echocardiography and assessed blood pressure, plasma inflammatory cytokines, lactate, B‐type natriuretic peptide, and survival in mouse models of endotoxemia or polymicrobial infection (cecal ligation and puncture, [ CLP ]) of moderate and high severity. We observed that myocardial strain and cardiac output were consistently impaired early in both sepsis models. Suppression of cardiac output was associated with systolic dysfunction in endotoxemia or combined systolic dysfunction and reduced preload in the CLP model. We found that cardiac output at 2 hours post‐ CLP is a negative prognostic indicator with high sensitivity and specificity that predicts mortality at 48 hours. Using a known antibiotic (ertapenem) treatment, we confirmed that this approach can document recovery. Conclusions We propose a non‐invasive approach for assessment of cardiac function in sepsis and myocardial strain and strain rate as preferable measures for monitoring cardiovascular function in sepsis mouse models. We further show that the magnitude of cardiac output suppression 2 hours post‐ CLP can be used to predict mortality.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Reference68 articles.

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5. Diagnostic accuracy of NT‐ProBNP for heart failure with sepsis in patients younger than 18 years;Lin CW;PLoS One,2016

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