Cardiovascular Health and Incident Hypertension in Blacks

Author:

Booth John N.1,Abdalla Marwah1,Tanner Rikki M.1,Diaz Keith M.1,Bromfield Samantha G.1,Tajeu Gabriel S.1,Correa Adolfo1,Sims Mario1,Ogedegbe Gbenga1,Bress Adam P.1,Spruill Tanya M.1,Shimbo Daichi1,Muntner Paul1

Affiliation:

1. From the Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., R.M.T., S.G.B., G.S.T., P.M.); Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C., M.S.); Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NY (G.O., T.M.S.); and Department of Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (A.P.B.).

Abstract

Several modifiable health behaviors and health factors that comprise the Life’s Simple 7—a cardiovascular health metric—have been associated with hypertension risk. We determined the association between cardiovascular health and incident hypertension in JHS (the Jackson Heart Study)—a cohort of blacks. We analyzed participants without hypertension or cardiovascular disease at baseline (2000–2004) who attended ≥1 follow-up visit in 2005 to 2008 or 2009 to 2012 (n=1878). Body mass index, physical activity, diet, cigarette smoking, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, and fasting glucose were assessed at baseline and categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor using the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 definitions. Incident hypertension was defined at the first visit wherein a participant had systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or self-reported taking antihypertensive medication. The percentage of participants with ≤1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ideal Life’s Simple 7 components was 6.5%, 22.4%, 34.4%, 25.2%, 10.0%, and 1.4%, respectively. No participants had 7 ideal components. During follow-up (median, 8.0 years), 944 (50.3%) participants developed hypertension, including 81.3% with ≤1 and 11.1% with 6 ideal components. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension comparing participants with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 versus ≤1 ideal component were 0.80 (0.61–1.03), 0.58 (0.45–0.74), 0.30 (0.23–0.40), 0.26 (0.18–0.37), and 0.10 (0.03–0.31), respectively ( P trend <0.001). This association was present among participants with baseline systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg and separately systolic BP 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 to 89 mm Hg. Blacks with better cardiovascular health have lower hypertension risk.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Internal Medicine

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