Affiliation:
1. Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autòmoma de Barcelona, Spain
2. Institut Diagnostic per la Imatge, Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
Background
Edema is present in many heart diseases, and differentiation between intracellular (
ICW
) and extracellular (
ECW
) myocardial water compartments would be clinically relevant. In this work we developed a magnetic resonance imaging–based method to differentiate
ICW
and
ECW
and applied it to analyze ischemia–reperfusion–induced edema.
Methods and Results
Isolated rat hearts were perfused with gadolinium chelates as a marker of extracellular space. Total water content was measured by desiccation. Gadolinium quantification provided
ECW
, and
ICW
was calculated by subtraction of
ECW
from total water content. In separate experiments, T1, T2, diffusion‐weighted imaging and proton‐density parameters were measured in isolated saline‐perfused hearts. In in‐situ rat hearts,
ECW
and
ICW
were 79±10 mL and 257±8 mL of water per 100 g of dry tissue, respectively. After perfusion for 40 minutes,
ECW
increased by 92.4±3% without modifying
ICW
(−1±3%). Hyposmotic buffer (248 mOsm/L) increased
ICW
by 16.7±2%, while hyperosmotic perfusion (409 mOsm/L) reduced
ICW
by 26.5±3%. Preclinical imaging showed good correlation between T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging with
ECW
, and proton‐density correlated with total water content. Ischemia–reperfusion resulted in marked myocardial edema at the expense of
ECW
, because of cellular membrane rupture. When cell death was prevented by blebbistatin, water content and distribution were similar to normoxic perfused hearts. Furthermore, attenuation of intracellular edema with hyperosmotic buffer reduced cell death.
Conclusions
We devised a method to determine edema and tissue water distribution. This method allowed us to demonstrate a role of edema in reperfusion‐induced cell death and could serve as a basis for the study of myocardial water distribution using magnetic resonance imaging.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Cited by
15 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献