MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice

Abstract

Background MKEY , a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL 4– CCL 5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied the role of MKEY in stroke‐induced brain injury in mice. Methods and Results MKEY was injected into mice after stroke with 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were measured. Protein levels of CCL 5 and its receptor CCR 5 were detected by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting ( FACS ), respectively. Numbers of microglia‐derived macrophages (MiMΦs) and monocyte‐derived MΦs (MoMΦs) in the brain, and their subsets, based on the surface markers CD 45, CD 11b, CCR 2, CX 3 CR 1, and Ly6C, were analyzed by FACS . MΦs and neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic brain were stained with CD 68 and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ), respectively, and assessed by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. The results showed that expressions of CCL 5 and its receptor CCR 5, were increased in the ischemic brain after stroke. MKEY injection significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores measured 72 hours after stroke. In addition, MKEY injection inhibited the number of MoMΦs, but not MiMΦs, in the ischemic brain. Furthermore, MKEY inhibited protein expression levels of Ly6C, CCR 2, and CX 3 CR 1 on MoMΦs. Lastly, the confocal study also suggests that the number of CD 68‐positive MΦs and MPO ‐positive neutrophils was inhibited by MKEY injection. Conclusions MKEY injection protects against stroke‐induced brain injury, probably by inhibiting MoMΦ‐mediated neuroinflammation.