Cholesterol Lowering and the Use of Healthcare Resources

Abstract

Background Advances in the treatment of cardiovascular disease have increased costs; annual cardiovascular healthcare expenditure in the United States currently exceeds $100 billion. Physicians and third-party payers need to assess the economic impact of treatments that reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which simvastatin reduced the risk of death by 30% ( P =.0003) over the median follow-up period of 5.4 years in patients with previous myocardial infarction or stable angina pectoris as a result of a 42% reduction in the risk of coronary deaths ( P =.00001). In the present report, data prospectively collected from hospital admissions were analyzed to evaluate the impact of simvastatin on healthcare resource use and perform a cost-minimization analysis. In the placebo group (n=2223), there were 1905 hospitalizations (average duration, 7.9 days) for acute cardiovascular events or coronary revascularization procedures among 937 patients, whereas in the simvastatin group (n=2221), there were 1403 such hospitalizations (average duration, 7.1 days) among 720 patients (all differences, P <.0001). The corresponding number of hospital days was 15 089 and 9951 in the two groups, respectively (34% reduction, P <.0001). In the United States, the resulting reduction in hospitalization costs over the 5.4 years of the trial would be $3872 per patient, reducing the effective cost of simvastatin by 88% to $0.28 per day. Conclusions In addition to reducing mortality and morbidity in coronary heart disease patients, simvastatin markedly reduces use of hospital services, thus offsetting most of its cost.