Continuous Infusion of Prostacyclin Normalizes Plasma Markers of Endothelial Cell Injury and Platelet Aggregation in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Background Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is characterized by vascular injury of pulmonary arterioles, in which endothelial dysfunction may play a major role. Although continuous infusion of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I 2 , a potent vasodilator released by vascular endothelial cells) improves the clinical status and survival in PPH, its mechanism or mechanisms of action remain unclear. Methods and Results We measured endothelium-derived clotting factors and assayed platelet aggregation in 64 patients (26 adults and 38 children) with PPH before long-term PGI 2 therapy. Repeat studies were performed in 42 patients (18 adults, 24 children) after one year of PGI 2 therapy. At baseline, 87% of adults and 79% of children had abnormal platelet aggregation. In addition, factor VIII, von Willebrand (vW) antigen, and ristocetin cofactor levels were abnormally high in 92%, 72%, and 52%, respectively, of the adults versus 29%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, of the children ( P <.005 adults versus children). With long-term PGI 2 , platelet aggregation normalized in 83% of the adults and 80% of the children who had platelet aggregation abnormalities at baseline ( P <.01). Factor VIII, vW antigen, and ristocetin cofactor also decreased with long-term PGI 2 in both groups ( P <.02). The ratio of ristocetin cofactor to vW antigen, which may reflect biological activity of vW factor, increased with long-term PGI 2 in adults from an abnormally low level (0.6±0.2) to normal level (1.1±0.4), and in children the ratio increased from 0.8±0.3 to 1.3±0.4 (normal, 0.8 to 1.4). Conclusions Alterations in the coagulation system may contribute to the pathogenesis of PPH; the normalization of these endothelial markers concomitant with improvement in hemodynamic parameters with long-term PGI 2 suggests that long-term PGI 2 remodels the pulmonary vascular bed with subsequent decreases in endothelial cell injury and hypercoagulability.