Relationship Between Progressive Microvascular Damage and Intramyocardial Hemorrhage in Patients With Reperfused Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Author:

Asanuma Toshihiko1,Tanabe Kazuaki1,Ochiai Koichi1,Yoshitomi Hiroyuki1,Nakamura Ko1,Murakami Yo1,Sano Kazuya1,Shimada Toshio1,Murakami Rinji1,Morioka Shigefumi1,Beppu Shintaro1

Affiliation:

1. From the Fourth Department of Internal Medicine (T.A., K.T., K.O., H.Y., K.N., Y.M., K.S., T.S., S.M.) and the Emergency Unit (R.M.), Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan; and Osaka University School of Medicine (S.B.), Suita, Japan.

Abstract

Background Recent studies indicated that ischemic microvascular damage may be reversible or progressive after coronary reflow. Intramyocardial hemorrhage is a phenomenon that reflects severe microvascular injury. We examined the relationship between temporal changes in microvascular perfusion patterns detected by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and intramyocardial hemorrhage detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results The study population consisted of 24 patients with anterior AMI. All patients underwent MCE shortly after reflow and in the chronic stage (a mean of 31 days after reflow). Wall motion score (WMS) was determined as the sum of 16 segmental scores (dyskinetic/akinetic=3 to normal=0) at days 1 and 31. Gradient-echo acquisition and gadolinium-DTPA–enhanced spin-echo MRI were performed within 10 days after reflow. In MCE shortly after reflow, 16 patients (67%) showed contrast enhancement and the other 8 patients (33%) showed a sizable contrast defect. In the chronic stage, a persistent contrast defect was observed in 7 of 8 patients with a contrast defect shortly after reflow. Consistent contrast enhancement was observed in 12 of 16 patients (75%) with contrast enhancement shortly after reflow, indicating that a contrast defect newly appeared in 4 patients (25%). Intramyocardial hemorrhage was detected in 9 patients (38%): 5 of 7 patients with a persistent contrast defect and in all 4 patients with a new appearance of a contrast defect during the chronic stage. The patients without hemorrhage showed a significant improvement in WMS compared with patients with hemorrhage at day 31 (5±5 versus 19±6, P <.0005). Conclusions These results suggest that irreversible microvascular damage to the ischemic myocardium may cause intramyocardial hemorrhage after reflow, associated with impaired recovery of left ventricular function. Contrast enhancement within the risk area shortly after reflow does not necessarily indicate long-term microvascular salvage.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Physiology (medical),Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Reference41 articles.

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