Use of the Bidirectional Glenn Procedure in the Presence of Forward Flow From the Ventricles to the Pulmonary Arteries

Abstract

Background Relative regression of the pulmonary arterial size has been reported after a conventional bidirectional Glenn procedure. Maintaining a supplemental pulmonary flow could be of surgical value unless the option also militates against the efficacy of the partial right heart bypass. Methods and Results Twenty-seven patients considered unsuitable for a Fontan-type procedure underwent a bidirectional Glenn procedure in the presence of forward flow from the ventricles to the pulmonary arteries, the flow being maintained through the pulmonary trunk in 22 or a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in 5. There was one surgical death due to atrioventricular valvular regurgitation. Subsequently, 9 patients have successfully undergone a total cavopulmonary connection 2.6±1.9 years after the initial procedure. Preoperative and postoperative catheterizations revealed changes in arterial oxygen saturation (75±11% compared with 83±7%, P <.001) and end-diastolic volumes of the systemic ventricles (from 238±92% to 188±97% of the expected normal volume, P <.01), whereas no difference was detected in the mean cross-sectional area of the right and left pulmonary arteries compared with the expected normal value for the right pulmonary artery (from 76±21% to 81±20%) or in the ventricular ejection fraction (from 53±8% to 50±14%). The relative regression or growth of the pulmonary arterial size was statistically related to the size of the channel for forward flow. Conclusions Maintenance of forward flow from the ventricle provides a feasible means, when performing a bidirectional Glenn procedure, of protecting against regression of pulmonary arterial size as well as off-loading the ventricles and improving arterial oxygen saturation.