A Defect of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Increases Xanthine Oxidase-Derived Superoxide Anion and Attenuates the Control of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption by Nitric Oxide Derived From Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Abstract

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in the control of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ) by nitric oxide (NO). A NOS isoform is present in cardiac mitochondria and it is derived from neuronal NOS (nNOS). However, the role of nNOS in the control of MVO 2 remains unknown. MVO 2 in left ventricular tissues from nNOS −/− mice was measured in vitro. Stimulation of NO production by bradykinin or carbachol induced a significant reduction in MVO 2 in wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast to WT, bradykinin- or carbachol-induced reduction in MVO 2 was attenuated in nNOS −/− . S -methyl- l -thiocitrulline, a potent isoform selective inhibitor of nNOS, had no effect on bradykinin-induced reduction in MVO 2 in WT. Bradykinin-induced reduction in MVO 2 in eNOS −/− mice, in which nNOS still exists, was also attenuated. The attenuated bradykinin-induced reduction in MVO 2 in nNOS −/− was restored by preincubation with Tiron, ascorbic acid, Tempol, oxypurinol, or SB203850, an inhibitor of p38 kinase, but not apocynin. There was an increase in lucigenin-detectable superoxide anion (O 2 − ) in cardiac tissues from nNOS −/− compared with WT. Tempol, oxypurinol, or SB203850 decreased O 2 − in all groups to levels that were not different from each other. There was an increase in phosphorylated p38 kinase normalized by total p38 kinase protein level in nNOS −/− compared with WT mice. These results indicate that a defect of nNOS increases O 2 − through the activation of xanthine oxidase, which is mediated by the activation of p38 kinase, and attenuates the control of MVO 2 by NO derived from eNOS.