Common Estrogen Receptor Polymorphism Augments Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on E-Selectin but Not C-Reactive Protein

Abstract

Background — The estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) IVS1-401 polymorphism identifies a group of women (≈20%) who have augmented effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on levels of HDL cholesterol. This study sought to determine if this augmentation extends to HRT regulation of E-selectin and C-reactive protein (CRP) and to explore possible mechanisms by which this polymorphism might influence estrogen action. Methods and Results — Serum levels of soluble E-selectin and CRP were measured at baseline and 1 year in 264 postmenopausal women randomized to treatment with oral conjugated equine estrogen (0.625 mg/d), estrogen plus progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg/d), or placebo. Women with the ER-α IVS1-401 C/C genotype receiving HRT had nearly a 2-fold greater reduction in E-selectin compared with C/T or T/T women ( P for interaction=0.02). In contrast, there was no augmentation of the HRT-associated increase in CRP among the C/C women compared with C/T or T/T women ( P for interaction=0.54). Of luciferase reporter constructs containing sequences spanning the IVS1-401 T/C polymorphism, expression of the construct containing the C allele was enhanced >10-fold, with cotransfection of a constitutively expressed B-myb vector. In contrast, B-myb resulted in only a 2.5-fold increase in expression of the T allele construct. Conclusions — Women with the ER-α IVS1-401 C/C genotype have greater reductions in E-selectin but no further increases in CRP with HRT. The C allele produces a functional binding site for the transcription factor B-myb. The impact of this polymorphism on ER-α transcription and other estrogen-sensitive intermediate and clinical end points has not yet been established.