Epinephrine Levels in the Peripheral Blood During Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs

Abstract

Dogs were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm. Hg until 10 per cent of the shed blood had automatically reinfused from an elevated reservoir. The remaining blood was then rapidly infused intravenously. The procedure was fatal to all 13 dogs. Arterial blood epinephrine levels were followed during the time of hemorrhage and the post-hemorrhagic survival period in 9 of these animals. Arterial blood epinephrine levels in the 9 dogs increased from control values of less than one µg./L. to a maximum of 29 µg./L. during early hemorrhage, and then decreased during the period of spontaneous reinfusion to 7.5 µg./L. After complete reinfusion the blood pressure returned to normal, and epinephrine disappeared from the circulation. The blood pressure then gradually failed under normovolemic conditions, and the animals died in shock after an average of 220 minutes. Blood samples obtained immediately before death when the mean arterial pressure was 45 mm. Hg contained only 3.5 µg./L. epinephrine.