Platelet Activation in Carotid Sinuses Triggers Reflex Sympathoinhibition and Hypotension

Abstract

Abstract The carotid sinuses, one of the major sites of baroreceptor innervation, are also a common site of atherosclerotic lesions and platelet aggregation. The goal of the present study was to determine whether platelet activation in carotid sinuses causes reflex-mediated changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure. Rabbit platelets were isolated, resuspended in Krebs’ buffer, and activated by thrombin. Injection of activated platelets (3×10 8 platelets/mL) into the vascularly isolated carotid sinuses of anesthetized rabbits essentially eliminated sympathetic nerve activity and acutely decreased mean arterial pressure from 126±5 to 53±4 mm Hg (n=16; P <.05). Sympathetic activity and arterial pressure returned to control levels over a period of minutes despite sustained exposure to activated platelets. Injection of U-46619, a thromboxane analogue and vasoconstrictor, into carotid sinuses did not alter sympathetic activity or arterial pressure. However, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), which is known to be released from activated platelets, and the 5-HT 3 receptor agonist phenylbiguanide mimicked the effect of platelets. Furthermore, the platelet-induced reflex inhibition of sympathetic activity and hypotension were not altered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin but were attenuated significantly by 5-HT receptor antagonists. Platelet activation inhibited sympathetic activity to 5±2% of control in the absence of antagonists but to only 35±11 and 76±4% of control after selective blockade of 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 receptors with ketanserin and MDL-72222, respectively. The results indicate that (1) platelet activation in carotid sinuses triggers reflex inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity and hypotension; (2) the reflex is not caused by carotid vasoconstriction and is not mediated by prostanoids; and (3) the reflex is mediated by 5-HT acting primarily on 5-HT 3 and to a lesser extent on 5-HT 2 receptors. We speculate that this reflex may contribute to arterial pressure lability and susceptibility to stroke in patients with carotid atherosclerotic disease.