1. Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute for Applied Clinical Science and Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Keele, Stoke‐on‐Trent, United Kingdom
2. Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
3. The Heart Centre, Royal Stoke Hospital, University Hospital of North Midlands Trust, Stoke‐on‐Trent, United Kingdom
4. Cardio‐Thoracic‐Vascular Department, Ferrarotto Hospital University of Catania, Italy
5. Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
6. The Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
7. Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY
8. Columbia University Medical Center/New York‐Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
9. Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ
10. Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
11. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
12. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada