Association of “Elevated Blood Pressure” and “Stage 1 Hypertension” With Cardiovascular Mortality Among an Asian Population

Abstract

Background The new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure (BP) guidelines in the United States have lowered definition of hypertension by defining normal as systolic/diastolic BP <120/80 mm Hg; elevated BP as systolic between 120 and 129 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg; and stage 1 hypertension as systolic between 130 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg. Methods and Results We investigated the association between the new hypertension definition and cardiovascular disease mortality among Chinese in Singapore. We used data from 30 636 participants of a population‐based cohort, the SCHS (Singapore Chinese Health Study), who had BPs measured using a standard protocol at ages 46 to 85 years between 1994 and 2005. Information on lifestyle factors was collected at recruitment (1993–1998) and follow‐up 1 interviews (1999 and 2004). Mortality was identified via nationwide registry linkage up to December 31, 2016. Neither elevated BP (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.07) nor stage 1 hypertension (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.11) was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with normal BP in the whole cohort. Stage 1 hypertension was associated with increased cardiovascular risk only in those <65 years of age and without a history of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.94), but not in those ≥65 years of age or with a history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions Our data suggest that the newly defined stage 1 hypertension may not be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality across all ages among Chinese in Singapore, but that the at‐risk subpopulation is limited to those <65 years of age and without a prior cardiovascular disease.