Affiliation:
1. From the Center for Molecular Cardiology, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
Abstract
Background—
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a common progressive disorder involving gradual dilation of the ascending and/or descending thoracic aorta that eventually leads to dissection or rupture. Nonsydromic TAA can occur as a genetically triggered, familial disorder that is usually transmitted in a monogenic autosomal dominant fashion and is known as familial TAA. Genetic analyses of families affected with TAA have identified several chromosomal loci, and further mapping of familial TAA genes has highlighted disease-causing mutations in at least 4 genes: myosin heavy chain 11 (
MYH11)
, α-smooth muscle actin (
ACTA2)
, and transforming growth factor β receptors I and II (
TGFβRI
and
TGFβRII
).
Methods and Results—
We evaluated 100 probands to determine the mutation frequency in
MYH11
,
ACTA2
,
TGFβRI
, and
TGFβRII
in an unbiased population of individuals with genetically mediated TAA. In this study, 9% of patients had a mutation in one of the genes analyzed, 3% of patients had mutations in
ACTA2
, 3% in
MYH11
, 1% in
TGFβRII
, and no mutations were found in
TGFβRI.
Additionally, we identified mutations in a 75 base pair alternatively spliced
TGFβRII
exon, exon 1a that produces the TGFβRIIb isoform and accounted for 2% of patients with mutations. Our in vitro analyses indicate that the
TGFβRIIb
activating mutations alter receptor function on TGFβ2 signaling.
Conclusions—
We propose that TGFβRIIb expression is a regulatory mechanism for TGFβ2 signal transduction. Dysregulation of the TGFβ2 signaling pathway, as a consequence of
TGFβRIIb
mutations, results in aortic aneurysm pathogenesis.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Subject
Genetics (clinical),Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Genetics
Cited by
17 articles.
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