Natriuretic Factors and Nitric Oxide Suppress Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract

Abstract —Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been reported in atherosclerotic and balloon-injured vessels. Little is known regarding the factors and mechanisms that may negatively regulate PAI-1 expression. In this report, the effect of cGMP-coupled vasoactive hormones, including natriuretic factors and nitric oxide, on the regulation of PAI-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells was examined. Atrial natriuretic factor 1–28 (ANF) and C-type natriuretic factor-22 (CNP) reduced angiotensin II (Ang II)– and platelet-derived growth factor–stimulated PAI-1 mRNA expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells by 50% to 70%, with corresponding reductions in PAI-1 protein release. Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells with CNP similarly inhibited both platelet-derived growth factor–induced PAI-1 mRNA expression and PAI-1 protein release by 50%. Dose-response studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of CNP and ANF on PAI-1 expression were concentration dependent, with IC 50 s of ≈1 nmol/L for both natriuretic peptides. Ang II–stimulated PAI-1 expression was also inhibited by the nitric oxide donor S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine. The membrane-permeant cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP reduced Ang II–stimulated PAI-1 expression by 60%, and an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (1 H -[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) significantly impaired the inhibitory effects of S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine on Ang II–stimulated PAI-1 expression. Studies of PAI-1 mRNA stability in cells treated with actinomycin D showed that ANF did not alter PAI-1 mRNA half-life, suggesting that natriuretic factors reduce PAI-1 transcription. These data show that natriuretic factors and nitric oxide, via a cGMP-dependent mechanism, inhibit PAI-1 synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, cGMP-coupled vasoactive hormones may play an important role in suppressing vascular PAI-1 expression.