Platelet Kainate Receptor Signaling Promotes Thrombosis by Stimulating Cyclooxygenase Activation

Abstract

Rationale: Glutamate is a major signaling molecule that binds to glutamate receptors including the ionotropic glutamate receptors; kainate (KA) receptor (KAR), the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor, and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor. Each is well characterized in the central nervous system, but glutamate has important signaling roles in peripheral tissues as well, including a role in regulating platelet function. Objective: Our previous work has demonstrated that glutamate is released by platelets in high concentrations within a developing thrombus and increases platelet activation and thrombosis. We now show that platelets express a functional KAR that drives increased agonist induced platelet activation. Methods and Results: KAR induced increase in platelet activation is in part the result of activation of platelet cyclooxygenase in a mitogen-activated protein kinase–dependent manner. Platelets derived from KAR subunit knockout mice (GluR6 −/− ) are resistant to KA effects and have a prolonged time to thrombosis in vivo. Importantly, we have also identified polymorphisms in KAR subunits that are associated with phenotypic changes in platelet function in a large group of whites and blacks. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that glutamate regulation of platelet activation is in part cyclooxygenase-dependent and suggest that the KAR is a novel antithrombotic target.