Association Between MR‐Based Thrombus Imaging Characteristics and Endovascular Therapy Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

Background Prediction of successful revascularization and achieving a favorable functional outcome may help determine the optimal treatment strategy and improve the management of stroke. A growing body of literature has implicated a predictive value for thrombus imaging characteristics for stroke outcomes. Methods We conducted an electronic search using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE, previously published meta‐analyses, and systematic review studies that intervened by endovascular thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis following large vessel occlusion stroke from 2000 to 2023 and involved magnetic resonance‐based thrombus imaging, then screened 2007 studies against our eligibility criteria. We extracted the enrollees’ characteristics and the association between clot features and radiological and functional outcome measures. Results Thirty‐three studies were found eligible, with a total number of 6902 enrollees. Susceptibility vessel sign was found in 3531 subjects (51.2%). Nine studies involved only the administration of intravenous thrombolysis, whereas 24 studies intervened by endovascular thrombectomy. Seventeen studies found at least an association between thrombus imaging characteristics and successful revascularization, whereas the others reported no association. only 13 studies found at least one thrombus characteristic associated with functional outcome, while the others showed no association between  the thrombus characteristics and functional outcome after stroke. Pooled meta‐analysis of studies that involved endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous thrombolysis showed a statistically significant association between the presence of susceptibility vessel sign and both successful reperfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57 [1.09–2.27]; P = 0.02) and favorable functional outcome (OR: 1.76 [1.17–2.66]; P = 0.007). Conclusion The presence of susceptibility vessel sign on magnetic resonance‐based clot imaging was associated with functional outcome and successful reperfusion following thrombectomy.