Results and Long-Term Predictors of Adverse Clinical Events After Elective Percutaneous Interventions on Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery

Abstract

Background — The safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention of de novo lesions in unprotected left main coronary arteries remains an unresolved issue. Methods and Results — We analyzed 67 consecutive patients treated with the following devices: 39 with stents, 12 with rotational atherectomy plus stents, 13 with directional coronary atherectomy plus stents (a total of 64 patients were treated with stents), and 3 patients with directional coronary atherectomy only. The reference vessel size was 3.78±0.73 mm and lesion length was 6.6±3.0 mm. In-hospital complications were 2 coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) (3.0%), 2 Q-wave myocardial infarctions (MIs) (3.0%), and 3 non-Q-wave MIs (4.5%); there were no deaths. The estimated cardiac survival at 3 years was 91%. The cardiac mortality rate was higher in patients with Parsonnet score >15 versus ≤15 (21.4% versus 4.2%, P =0.02) at 3 years. The independent covariate of cardiac death was preserved left ventricular ejection fraction; for combined cardiac events (cardiac death, MI, repeat revascularization) it was large reference vessel size. Follow-up angiography at 5±2 months in 85% of eligible patients revealed 31.4% restenosis. Extending the follow-up to 31±23 months (19 patients with follow-up beyond 3 years) the cumulative event rates were 11 deaths (16.4%), 8 of them cardiac (11.9%), 2 (3.0%) MI, and 16 (23.9%) repeat revascularizations (CABG in 5 patients). Conclusions — Elective percutaneous coronary intervention of de novo lesions in left main coronary arteries is feasible, with low procedural risk. The long-term follow-up revealed a high rate of angiographic restenosis and repeat revascularization, with a relatively high incidence of cardiac death. Reference vessel size and left ventricular function are the most important predictors of favorable follow-up.