Hyperemic Stenosis Resistance Index for Evaluation of Functional Coronary Lesion Severity

Abstract

Background — Both coronary blood flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) are used to evaluate the hemodynamic severity of coronary lesions. However, discordant results between CFVR and FFR have been observed in 25% to 30% of intermediate coronary lesions. An index of stenosis resistance based on a combination of intracoronary pressure and flow velocity may improve the assessment of functional coronary lesion severity. Methods and Results — Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in 151 patients with angina to determine reversible perfusion defects within one-week before cardiac catheterization. Coronary pressure and flow velocity was measured distal to 181 single coronary lesions with a mean diameter stenosis of 56% (range: 32% to 85%). Maximum hyperemia was induced by 15 to 20 μg IC adenosine to determine CFVR, FFR, and the hyperemic stenosis resistance index (h-SRv), defined as the ratio of hyperemic stenosis pressure gradient (mean aorta pressure-mean distal pressure) and hyperemic average peak-flow velocity. Receiver-operating-characteristic curves of CFVR, FFR, and h-SRv were calculated to evaluate the predictive value for presence of reversible perfusion defects on SPECT with the use of the area under curve (AUC). The AUC was significantly higher for h-SRv (0.90±0.03) compared with those for CFVR (0.80±0.04; P =0.024) and FFR (0.82±0.03; P =0.018), respectively. Agreement with SPECT was particularly higher (73%) than for CFVR (49%, P =0.022) or FFR (51%, P =0.037) in the group of lesions showing discordant results between CFVR and FFR Conclusion — These results indicate that hyperemic stenosis resistance index is a more powerful predictor of reversible perfusion defects than CFVR or FFR.