Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background— This investigation compares the results of contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with standard balloon angioplasty among patients with multivessel coronary disease. Patients having balloon angioplasty in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) and those within the Dynamic Registry meeting BARI eligibility criteria were studied. Methods and Results— Clinical features and in-hospital and 1-year outcomes of 857 BARI-eligible patients in the Dynamic Registry (contemporary PCI) were compared with the 904 randomized patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in BARI. Compared with BARI patients, Registry patients had fewer lesions attempted (1.53 versus 2.56, P =0.001), more frequent single-vessel PCI (76% versus 33%, P <0.001), greater use of intracoronary stents (76% versus 1%, P <0.001), and GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (24% versus 0%, P <0.001). Angiographic success was achieved more often among Registry patients (91% versus 72%, P <0.001), whereas abrupt closure (1.5% versus 9.5%, P <0.001) and in-hospital coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (1.9% versus 10.2%, P <0.001) and myocardial infarction (0.8% versus 2.1%, P =0.025) were less common. No differences were observed in either in-hospital or 1-year death, but 1-year death/myocardial infarction was lower in the Registry. Registry patients had lower 1-year rates of subsequent CABG (8.6% versus 22.7%, P <0.001) and PCI (12.4% versus 22.5%, P <0.001). By multivariate analysis, contemporary PCI was independently associated with reduced risk for in-hospital CABG, 1-year CABG, and 1-year PCI. Conclusions— Among patients with multivessel disease, contemporary PCI resulted in safer and more durable revascularization. These results support the role of PCI for selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.