Wind Farm Layout Optimization Subject to Cable Cost, Hub Height, and a Feasible 3D Gaussian Wake Model Implementation

Abstract

We address the Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) problem and tackle the optimal placement of several turbines within a specific (wind farm) area by incorporating additional aspects of an economically driven target function. With this, we contribute three refinements for WFLO research: First, while many research contributions optimize the turbines’ locations subject to maximum energy production or energy efficiency, we instead pursue a strategy of maximizing a profit objective. This enables us to incorporate inner-farm wiring costs (underground cable installation). For this, we explore the impact of using MSTs (Minimum Spanning Trees) and adding junction (so-called “Steiner”) points to the terrain plane. Second, while most research focuses on finding optimal x and y coordinates (i.e., address two-dimensional turbine placement), we also optimize the turbines’ hub heights z. Third, we also provide a software implementation of the Gaussian wake model. The latter finds entrance to the open-source WFLO research framework that comes as package <strong>wflo</strong> for statistical software R. We find that taking wiring cost into account may lead to very different turbine placements, however, increasing overall profit significantly. Allowing the optimizer to vary the hub heights may have an ambiguous impact on the wind farm profit.