Malformations of embryos and fetuses: world experience

Abstract

Purpose - to investigate the causes, prevalence, variability and diagnosis of abortion for medical reasons in different countries of the world over the last 5 years according to scientific literature sources. The article presents the analyzed literary data for different countries of the world, regarding the prevalence, detectability, variability, possible identified causes and consequences of abnormalities in the development of embryos and fetuses. According to the analyzed data of many literary sources, chromosomal abnormalities are the most frequent cause of sporadic miscarriages, which are found in 50-70% of first-trimester miscarriages and in 5-10% of all pregnancies in the world. The number of newborns with developmental disabilities in the world ranges from 2% to 8% and depends on the state of social development of the country. Moreover, in the countries of Europe and the USA, chromosomal abnormalities are found in the first place (56.2-52.6%), in the second place - anomalies of the central nervous system (11.8-13.4%), while in the countries of South Africa, in the first place on at this stage, anomalies of the musculoskeletal system appear (39%). In Asian countries, pathologies of the cardiovascular system are most often detected among all pathologies of embryo development (30.7%). Methods of diagnosis, prevention, treatment and termination of pregnancy are the same for all continents, but the problem is their availability in different countries. No conflict of interests was declared by the author.